Diagnostics, symptomatology and findings in diseases and disorders of the autonomic nervous system in neurology

Czech version

Authors: J. Opavský
Authors‘ workplace: Katedra fyzioterapie, Fakulta tělesné kultury, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2018; 81(6): 625-644
Category: Minimonography
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2018625

Overview

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system are more common in neurology practice than previously recognized in diagnostic conclusions. Besides the primary involvement of the autonomic nervous system, there are sympathetic or parasympathetic (especially vagal) dysfunctions associated with other diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system. The aim of this paper is to provide a short overview of the clinical symptomatology of autonomic dysfunctions, the examination methods of the autonomic nervous system, especially those available and applicable in clinical neurology practice, and furthemore, the clinical pictures of generalized and localized autonomic dysfunctions. The most important autonomic examinations focus on the cardiovascular system, assessing both heart rate and blood pressure changes in appropriately selected autonomic tests. The cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests and the heart rate variability assessment are the most commonly used diagnostic tools. The examination methods of the autonomic regulations in other systems of the human body are described in this paper in a brief overview. The latter part of this article is dedicated to selected diseases and clinical symptomatology, among generalized (systematic) disorders of the autonomic nervous system, diabetic autonomic polyneuropathy and autonomic polyneuropathies of other causes which are discussed in greater detail. This is followed by an overview of autonomic disturbances and dysfunctions of central origin that may constitute either major or minor symptoms of neurological diseases. The paper further describes clinical features of localized autonomic disturbances. A simple diagnostic scheme for basic evaluation of the autonomic functions in clinical neurology practice is proposed at the end of this paper.

Key words:

autonomic nervous system diseases – sympathetic nervous system – parasympathetic nervous system – signs and symptoms – diagnoses and examinations – neurologic examination – diagnostic techniques, neurological – diabetic autonomic neuropathy – heart rate determination – spectrum analysis

The author declare he has no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

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