Clinical and Imaging Parameters of Immunomodulating Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Czech version

Authors: P. Štourač1 ^,2
Authors‘ workplace: Neurologická klinika LF MU a F N Brno ¹; CEITEC – Středoevropský technologický institut MU, Brno ²
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2012; 75/108(4): 404-410
Category: Minimonography

Overview

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have been shown to have partial efficacy but also, sometimes life-threatening, adverse effects. New agents continue to be introduced into the clinical practice and, therefore, treatment algorithm should be regularly updated, to reflect their efficacy, safety profile and evidence-based medicine.

Key words:
multiple sclerosis treatment – treatment algorithm – interferon β – glatiramer acetate –

fingolimod – natalizumab – mitoxantrone

Sources

1. Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransonhoff RM, Rudick R, Mörk S, Bö L. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Eng J Med 1998; 338(5): 278–285.

2. Kuhlmann T, Lingfeld G, Bitsch A, Schuchardt J, Brück W. Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time. Brain 2002; 125(Pt 10): 2202–2012.

3. Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, Kinkel RP, Brownscheidle CM, Murray TJ et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHA MPS Study Group. N Eng J Med 2000; 343(13): 898–904.

4. Comi G, Martinelli V, Rodegher M, Moiola L, Bajenaru O, Carra A et al. Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374(9700): 1503–1511.

5. Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH , Edan G, Hartung HP, Miller DH et al. Effects of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet 2007; 370(9585): 389–397.

6. Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, Durelli L, Edan G, Fernández O et al. Effects of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study. Lancet 2001; 357(9268): 1576–1582.

7. Tintoré M, Rovira A, Río J, Nos C, Grivé E, Téllez N et al. Baseline MRI predicts future attacks and disability in clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2006; 67(6): 968–972.

8. Clerico M, Faggiano F, Palace J, Rice G, Tintore M, Durelli L. Recombinant interferon beta or glatiramer acetate for delaying conversion of the first demyelinating event to multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 2: CD005278.

9. PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon ß-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebocontrolled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 352(9139): 1498–1504.

10. IFNß Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993; 43(4): 655–661.

11. Hartung H, Gonsette R, König N, Kwiecinski H, Guseo A, Morrissey SP et al. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002; 360(9350): 2018–2025.

12. Polman CH, O’Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relaspsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(9): 899–910.

13. Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, Ford CC, Goldstein J, Lisak RP et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a Phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995; 45(7): 1268–1276.

14. Kappos L, Radue EW, O’Connor P, Polman CH, Hohlfeld R, Calabresi P et al. FREEDOMS Study Group. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362(5): 387–401.

15. Cohen JA, Barkhof M, Comi G, Hartung HP, Khatri BO, Montalban X et al. TRA NSFOR MS Study Group. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med; 362(5): 402–415.

16. Panitch H, Goodin DS, Francis G, Chang P, Coyle PK, O’Connor P et al. Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regiment in MS: the EVIDENCE trial. Neurology 2002; 59(10): 1496–1506.

17. Durelli L, Verdun E, Barbero P, Bergui M, Versino E, Ghezzi A et al. Every-other-day interferon

beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN). Lancet 2002; 359(9316): 1453–1460.

18. Vartanian T. An examination of the results of the EVIDENCE, INCOMIN, and phase III studies of interferon beta products in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Clin Ther 2003; 25(1): 105–118.

19. Rudick RA , Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, Confavreux CH, Galetta SL, Radue EW et al. SENTINEL Investigators. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(9): 911–923.

20. Warnke C, Menge T, Hartung HP, Racke MK, Cravens PD, Bennett JL et al. Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: what are the casual factors and can it be avoided? Arch Neurol 2009; 67(8): 923–930.

21. Neuhaus O, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Therapeutic role of mitoxantrone in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 109(1–2): 198–209.

22. Mikol DD, Barkhof F, Chang P , Coyle PK, Jeffery DR, Schwid SR et al. Comparison of subcutaneous interferon betta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the REbif vs Glatiramer acetate in Relapsing MS Disease (REGARD) study: a multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7(10): 903–914.

23. Gajofatto A, Bacchetti P, Grimes B, High A, Waubant E. Switching first line disease-modifying therapy after failure: impact on the course of relapsing remitting mutliple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15(1): 50–58.

24. Carrá A, Onaha P, Luetic G, Burgos M, Crespo E, Deri N et al. Therapeutic outcome 3 years after switching of immunomodulatory therapies in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Argentina. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15(4): 386–393.

25. Limmroth V, Malessa R, Zettl UK, Koehler J, Japp G, Haller P et al. Quality Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis Therapy (QUASIMS): a comparison of interferon beta therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2007; 254(1): 67–77.

26. O’Connor P, Filippi M, Arnason B, Comi G, Cook S, Goodin D et al. BEYO ND Study Group.

250 μg or 500 μg interferon beta-1b versus 20 mg glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8(10): 889–897.

27. Sorensen PS, Mellgren SI, Svenningsson A, Elovaara I, Frederiksen JL, Beiske AG et al. NOR dic trial of oral Methylprednisolone as add-on therapy to Interferon beta-1a for treatment of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (NOR MIMS study): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8(6): 519–529.

28. Ravnborg M, Sorensen PS, Andersson M, Celius EG , Jongen PJ, Elovaara I.et al. Methylprednisolone in combination with interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MECOMBIN study): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9(7): 672–680.

29. Rio J, Castillo J, Rovira A, Tintore M, Sastre-Garriga J, Horga A.et al. Measures in the first year of the rapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS. Mult Scler 2009; 15(7): 848–853.

30. Vaněčková M, Seidl Z, Krásenský J, Horáková D, Havrdová E, Němcová J et al. Naše zkušenosti s MR monitorováním pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou v klinické praxi. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2010; 73/106(6): 716–720.

31. Obhlídalová I, Keřkovský M, Štourač P, Bednařík P, Vlčková E. Diagnostické možnosti zobrazovacích metod v hodnocení morfologického korelátu kognitivních změn u pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2012; 75/108(2): 170–178.

32. Rio J, Comabella M, Montalban X. Multiple sclerosis: current treatment algorithms. Curr Opin Neurol 2011; 24(3): 230–237.